Galvenais jaut\u0101jums film\u0101 M\u016b\u017e\u012bgie, ko uzdod Dens Vitmans (K\u012bts Haringtons), ir viens no tiem, ko fani bie\u017ei uzdod p\u0101rdabiskiem t\u0113liem: Ja M\u016b\u017e\u012bgie ir nemirst\u012bgi citplan\u0113tie\u0161i, kas s\u016bt\u012bti aizsarg\u0101t cilv\u0113kus, k\u0101p\u0113c vi\u0146i neiejauc\u0101s, lai gl\u0101btu cilv\u0113kus no kara, \" vai vis\u0101m cit\u0101m briesm\u012bg\u0101m liet\u0101m v\u0113stures gait\u0101 \"?\n<\/p>\n
Sersi (D\u017eemma \u010cana) atbilde ir vienk\u0101r\u0161a - lai gan vi\u0146a un vi\u0146as kol\u0113\u0123i M\u016b\u017e\u012bgie ir sarg\u0101ju\u0161i cilv\u0113ci septi\u0146us t\u016bksto\u0161us gadu, vi\u0146i aizsarg\u0101 cilv\u0113kus tikai no \u013caun\u0101s deviantu rases, nevis cits citu.\n<\/p>\n
Cilv\u0113kiem pa\u0161iem ir j\u0101c\u012bn\u0101s sav\u0101s c\u012b\u0146\u0101s, pa\u0161iem j\u0101taisa savas k\u013c\u016bdas. T\u0101 ir probl\u0113ma, ar kuru supervaro\u0146u rakstnieki ir sask\u0101ru\u0161ies jau gadu desmitiem, kop\u0161 Supermens neiztur\u0113ja acu p\u0101rbaudi, kad Otr\u0101 pasaules kara laik\u0101 m\u0113\u0123in\u0101ja iest\u0101ties armij\u0101. Sapludinot fant\u0101ziju un realit\u0101ti, \u0161\u0101da veida paskaidrojumi ir nepiecie\u0161ami. Ir j\u0101b\u016bt iemesliem, k\u0101p\u0113c notiek briesm\u012bgas lietas, kad aiz st\u016bra dz\u012bvo krustne\u0161i ar cepur\u0113m. T\u0101 ir netic\u012bba, kas aptur\u0113ta l\u012bdz p\u0113d\u0113jai lappusei, l\u012bdz p\u0113d\u0113jiem titriem. Vai vismaz t\u0101 bija, l\u012bdz M\u016b\u017e\u012bgie ietv\u0113ra Hirosimas bombard\u0113\u0161anu.\n<\/p>\n
Eternals nav hit kinote\u0101tri l\u012bdz piektdienai, bet jau kriti\u0137i ir homed uz br\u012bdi, kad Phastos, \" technopath sp\u0113j rad\u012bt jebkuru izgudrojumu vai ieroci, \" st\u0101v, kas, \u0161\u0137iet, ir drupas nesen bombard\u0113ta Jap\u0101nas pils\u0113tas un kliedz, \" Ko es esmu dar\u012bjis? \" Fastoss (Brian Tyree Henry) nesaka, ka vi\u0146\u0161 pats 1945. gad\u0101 bombard\u0113ja Hirosimu, bet dr\u012bz\u0101k no\u017e\u0113lo, ka tehnolo\u0123ija, ko vi\u0146\u0161 pal\u012bdz\u0113ja att\u012bst\u012bt, noveda pie \u0161\u0101das ne\u017e\u0113l\u012bbas.\n<\/p>\n
Daudziem kriti\u0137iem \u0161\u012b aina \u0161\u0137ita nepareiza gan t\u0101p\u0113c, ka Fastoss ir pirmais Marvel kinematogr\u0101fisk\u0101 universa supervaro\u0146a t\u0113ls gejs, gan t\u0101p\u0113c, ka desmitiem t\u016bksto\u0161u cilv\u0113ku g\u0101ja boj\u0101, kad ASV nometa atombumbas uz Hirosimu un Nagasaki, un neskait\u0101mi citi turpina dz\u012bvot ar \u0161o traumu. T\u0101 viet\u0101, lai \u0161\u012b aina b\u016btu br\u012bdis p\u0101rdom\u0101m, t\u0101 izklaus\u0101s p\u0113c m\u0113\u0123in\u0101juma izmantot briesm\u012bgu re\u0101lu tra\u0123\u0113diju, lai supervaro\u0146a film\u0101 ieliktu patosa mirkli. Piem\u0113rs tam, ko nevajadz\u0113tu dar\u012bt, m\u0113\u0123inot apvienot fikciju un realit\u0101ti. \u0160is patosa moments \u0161\u0137iet k\u0101 m\u0113\u0123in\u0101jums paaugstin\u0101t Marvel filmu l\u012bmeni, un to var uzskat\u012bt par atbildi kriti\u0137iem, tostarp Martinam Skors\u0113zei, kur\u0161 apgalvo, ka filmas par supervaro\u0146iem nav \"kino\". \"\n<\/p>\n
\u0160aj\u0101 zi\u0146\u0101 \u0161\u012b aina ir tikai da\u013ca no pla\u0161\u0101kas tendences, kad m\u016bsu pieaugo\u0161\u0101 distance no 20. gadsimta v\u0113sturiskaj\u0101m zv\u0113r\u012bb\u0101m padara t\u0101s par pievilc\u012bgu rota\u013cu objektu fant\u0101zijas scen\u0101ristiem. 2018. gada film\u0101 Fantastiskie zv\u0113ri: K. K. Roulinga (J. K. Rowling) uzrakst\u012bja ainu, kur\u0101 titul\u0113tais \u013caundaris apgalvo, ka burvjiem ir j\u0101valda p\u0101r cilv\u0113kiem, kas nav burvji, lai nepie\u013cautu zv\u0113r\u012bbas; vienlaikus tiek atska\u0146otas vinjetes par tankiem, holokaustu un atombombard\u0113\u0161anu. Fantastisko zv\u0113ru fran\u0161\u012bzei ir paredz\u0113tas piecas filmas, un pagaid\u0101m nav skaidrs, k\u0101 Roulinga izskaidros faktu, ka burvji var\u0113ja nov\u0113rst holokaustu, bet izv\u0113l\u0113j\u0101s to nedar\u012bt. Tom\u0113r, iesp\u0113jams, ka vi\u0146ai nevajadz\u0113ja ieviest \u0161o probl\u0113mu.\n<\/p>\n
Gadu pirms filmas \"Zv\u0113ri\" Di\u0101na film\u0101 \"Br\u012bnumsieviete\" skraid\u012bja pa \"Neredzamo zemi\", atvairot lodes ar sav\u0101m neizn\u012bcin\u0101maj\u0101m rokasspr\u0101d\u017e\u0101m (kaut k\u0101 neviens necent\u0101s \u0161aut uz vi\u0146as kailiem aug\u0161stilbiem). \u0160ogad Disneja \"D\u017eung\u013cu kru\u012bzs\" iepaz\u012bstin\u0101ja ar burvju dziedino\u0161o ziedlapi\u0146u, ko filmas varo\u0146i cer izmantot, lai pal\u012bdz\u0113tu karav\u012briem Pirm\u0101 pasaules kara tran\u0161ej\u0101s (lai gan vi\u0146i nodro\u0161ina ziedlapi\u0146u, filma beidzas, pirms vi\u0146i to izmanto karadarb\u012bb\u0101, kas, iesp\u0113jams, tiks att\u0113lots gaid\u0101maj\u0101 turpin\u0101jum\u0101).\n<\/p>\n
Ma\u0123ijas vai tehnolo\u0123ijas iestarpin\u0101\u0161ana v\u0113stur\u0113 un izlik\u0161an\u0101s, ka t\u0101 ir izrais\u012bjusi vai nov\u0113rsusi k\u0101du zv\u0113r\u012bbu, ir b\u012bstama sp\u0113le, kas, iesp\u0113jams, at\u0146em cilv\u0113cei autonomiju un vainu (galu gal\u0101 atombumba bija izgudrot\u0101js, kas nebija nemirst\u012bgs, nebija citplan\u0113tietis, un par kura no\u017e\u0113lu var diskut\u0113t v\u0113stur\u0113). V\u0113l \u013caun\u0101k, ja \u0161\u012bs ainas tiek iestarpin\u0101tas \u0101tra patosa d\u0113\u013c un netiek padzi\u013cin\u0101ti p\u0113t\u012btas, var \u0161\u0137ist nepat\u012bkami un l\u0113ti. Pasaules kara fons var, k\u0101 saka p\u0113tnieks K\u012bss Ribbenss, padar\u012bt st\u0101stu \"maz\u0101k neskaidru, maz\u0101k nepieejamu\", bet da\u017ek\u0101rt \u0161\u012bs ainas k\u013c\u016bst par sa\u012bsin\u0101jumu, kas ir p\u0101r\u0101k \u012bss.\n<\/p>\n
\" Iesp\u0113jams, ir ar\u012b zin\u0101ma rad\u012bt\u0101ju slinkums,\" saka Ribbenss, kur\u0161 Roterdamas Erasmus Universit\u0101t\u0113 pasniedz kursus par popul\u0101ro v\u0113sturisko kult\u016bru un karu. \" Vi\u0146i zina, ka abi pasaules kari gandr\u012bz vienm\u0113r ir saisto\u0161i m\u016bsdienu auditorijai, jo \u0161ie kari ir ne tikai \u013coti atpaz\u012bstami, bet ar\u012b kalpo k\u0101 mor\u0101li krit\u0113riji, lai noteiktu, kas ir pareizi un kas n\u0113. \"\n<\/p>\n
J\u0101, ne\u017e\u0113l\u012bbu atspogu\u013co\u0161ana popul\u0101raj\u0101 kult\u016br\u0101 var veicin\u0101t izpratni par v\u0113sturiskiem notikumiem, ta\u010du t\u0101 var b\u016bt ar\u012b ekspluatat\u012bva, saka Lozannas Universit\u0101tes literat\u016bras un kult\u016bras profesore Ag\u0146e\u0161ka Soltysika Mon\u0113 (Agnieszka Soltysik Monnet), kura specializ\u0113jas ar\u012b kara atspogu\u013cojuma popul\u0101raj\u0101 kult\u016br\u0101 jaut\u0101jumos. T\u0101 k\u0101 \u0161\u012bs filmas ir komerci\u0101ls pas\u0101kums, Mon\u0113 apgalvo, ka \"\u0161o filmu mot\u012bvs, izmantojot ne\u017e\u0113l\u012bbas, b\u016bt\u012bb\u0101 ir aizskart nervus t\u0101d\u0101 veid\u0101, kas aizkustina cilv\u0113kus, bet paties\u012bb\u0101 vi\u0146us neuztrauc. \"\n<\/p>\n
Turkl\u0101t fantastisku elementu vai supervaro\u0146u ievie\u0161ana var mazin\u0101t cilv\u0113ku r\u012bc\u012bbsp\u0113jas saj\u016btu vai, Ribbensa v\u0101rdiem sakot, \"likt dom\u0101t, ka cilv\u0113ki paties\u012bb\u0101 nav sp\u0113j\u012bgi tikt gal\u0101 ar \u013caunumu, ko galu gal\u0101 ir rad\u012bju\u0161as cilv\u0113ku rokas. \"\n<\/p>\n
Tom\u0113r, vai tas paties\u012bb\u0101 ir kas jauns? Supervaro\u0146i un Otrais pasaules kar\u0161 vienm\u0113r ir biju\u0161i savstarp\u0113ji saist\u012bti. Oregonas Universit\u0101tes komiksu un karikat\u016bru studiju direktors Bens Saunderss (Ben Saunders) st\u0101sta, ka no 1941. l\u012bdz 1944. gadam ikm\u0113ne\u0161a komiksu p\u0101rdo\u0161anas apjomi divk\u0101r\u0161oj\u0101s, un gandr\u012bz puse no iesauktajiem amerik\u0101\u0146u v\u012brie\u0161iem las\u012bja par supervaro\u0146iem, kas c\u012bn\u012bj\u0101s pret Osi lielvalst\u012bm (Kapteinis Amerika 1941. gad\u0101 pat iesita Hitleram pa seju). \"Supervaro\u0146u fant\u0101zija ir t\u0101da, kur\u0101 mor\u0101l\u0101s taisn\u012bbas prieks un agres\u012bvas r\u012bc\u012bbas prieks k\u013c\u016bst savstarp\u0113ji saist\u012bti,\" vi\u0146\u0161 saka. \" Dabiski, ka t\u0101 bija \u012bpa\u0161i popul\u0101ra fant\u0101zija kara laik\u0101, kad kult\u016bras vajadz\u012bba p\u0113c attaisnotas agresijas v\u0113st\u012bjumiem bija \u013coti liela. \"\n<\/p>\n
Pols Brianss (Paul Brians), gr\u0101matas Nuclear Holocausts: autors, kur\u0161 raksta par kodolkaru fantastik\u0101 no 1895. l\u012bdz 1984. gadam, ar\u012b nor\u0101da, ka rakstnieki jau izsenis ir saviju\u0161i kodolbrutalit\u0101ti un fant\u0101ziju, piebilstot, ka da\u017ei Padomju Savien\u012bbas zin\u0101tnisk\u0101s fantastikas rakstnieki att\u0113loja kodolkaru uz cit\u0101m plan\u0113t\u0101m, lai, izvairoties no cenz\u016bras, p\u0113t\u012btu \u0161o t\u0113mu. Tom\u0113r Brianss atz\u012bm\u0113, ka \"liel\u0101k\u0101 da\u013ca popul\u0101r\u0101s fantastikas par \u0161o t\u0113mu to padara l\u0113t\u0101ku. \"\n<\/p>\n
Ta\u010du ir at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bba starp m\u016bsdienu medijiem un tiem, ko m\u0113s rad\u0101m \u0161odien, un, ja ir k\u0101da robe\u017ea smilt\u012bs, tad t\u0101 var\u0113tu b\u016bt t\u0101da, ka viena lieta ir fant\u0101zijas filmas darb\u012bba norisin\u0101ties re\u0101la kara laik\u0101, bet pavisam kas cits - iesaist\u012bt filmas varo\u0146us re\u0101l\u0101 genoc\u012bd\u0101. Tom\u0113r K\u012bss nor\u0101da, ka \u0161\u012bs robe\u017eas novilkt var b\u016bt \u0101rk\u0101rt\u012bgi gr\u016bti, atz\u012bm\u0113jot, ka \"nav viennoz\u012bm\u012bgu, nemain\u012bgu krit\u0113riju\", kas ir un kas nav piem\u0113rots.\n<\/p>\n
\" M\u0113s Rietumos uzskat\u0101m par pie\u0146emamu valk\u0101t T-kreklu ar Mao portretu, bet T-krekls ar Hitlera - cita 20. gadsimta masu slepkavas - att\u0113lu ir daudz jut\u012bg\u0101ks,\" vi\u0146\u0161 saka. Lai gan vi\u0146am person\u012bgi nepat\u012bk m\u016bsdienu videosp\u0113l\u0113s un komiksos redzamie nacistu zombiji, vi\u0146\u0161 neuzskata tos par nepat\u012bkamiem, piebilstot, ka \"pag\u0101tnes izt\u0113le un piesavin\u0101\u0161an\u0101s nav tikai v\u0113sturnieku rok\u0101s. \"\n<\/p>\n
Iesp\u0113jams, t\u0101 nav tikai v\u0113sturnieku rok\u0101s, bet vai tai vajadz\u0113tu b\u016bt ar\u012b supervaro\u0146u rok\u0101s? Galu gal\u0101 tas, iesp\u0113jams, ir person\u012bg\u0101s gaumes jaut\u0101jums. Man simtiem t\u016bksto\u0161u re\u0101lu cilv\u0113ku n\u0101ves izmanto\u0161ana, lai nodro\u0161in\u0101tu t\u0113la att\u012bst\u012bbu izdom\u0101tam nemirst\u012bgam citplan\u0113tietim, \u0161\u0137iet vienk\u0101r\u0161i rupja. \u0160\u0101da fant\u0101zijas un ne\u017e\u0113l\u012bbas sajauk\u0161ana \u0161\u0137iet \u0161ok\u0113jo\u0161a un aizskaro\u0161a - \u0101trs, l\u0113ts, emocion\u0101ls veids, k\u0101 pie\u0161\u0137irt varo\u0146iem nopietn\u012bbu, pien\u0101c\u012bgi ne\u0146emot v\u0113r\u0101 brut\u0101lo realit\u0101ti, ar kuru saskaras parastie cilv\u0113ki.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Galvenais jaut\u0101jums film\u0101 M\u016b\u017e\u012bgie, ko uzdod Dens Vitmans (K\u012bts Haringtons), ir viens no tiem, ko fani bie\u017ei uzdod p\u0101rdabiskiem t\u0113liem: Ja M\u016b\u017e\u012bgie ir nemirst\u012bgi citplan\u0113tie\u0161i, kas s\u016bt\u012bti aizsarg\u0101t cilv\u0113kus, k\u0101p\u0113c vi\u0146i neiejauc\u0101s, lai gl\u0101btu cilv\u0113kus no kara, \" vai vis\u0101m cit\u0101m briesm\u012bg\u0101m liet\u0101m v\u0113stures gait\u0101 \"? Sersi (D\u017eemma \u010cana) atbilde ir vienk\u0101r\u0161a - lai gan […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":34310,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[31],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-34295","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-eternal-doom"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/movieworld.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34295","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/movieworld.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/movieworld.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/movieworld.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/movieworld.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=34295"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/movieworld.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34295\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/movieworld.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/34310"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/movieworld.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=34295"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/movieworld.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=34295"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/movieworld.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=34295"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}