1999. gada pavasar\u012b 20 gadus vec\u0101 hakere Eva Galperina un vi\u0146as draugs Sanfrancisko kinote\u0101tr\u012b ien\u0101ca filmas \"Matrica\" seans\u0101 un izg\u0101ja no t\u0101 ar saj\u016btu, ka vi\u0146i tikko ieraudz\u012bja pa\u0161i sevi - vai vismaz to, kas vi\u0146i var\u0113tu b\u016bt. Galperina, kas tolaik bija Unix sist\u0113mu administratore ar melniem un ziliem drediem, nekav\u0113joties nopirka sev garu, melnu, izpl\u0113stu m\u0113teli. Vi\u0146as draugs ieg\u0101d\u0101j\u0101s Oakleys.\n<\/p>\n
Ta\u010du vi\u0146us uzrun\u0101ja ne tikai filmas modes izj\u016bta. Galperina uzskat\u012bja, ka t\u0101 atspogu\u013co hakeru pieredzi t\u0101d\u0101 veid\u0101, k\u0101d\u0101 vi\u0146a to v\u0113l nebija redz\u0113jusi. \u0160\u0137ita, ka Neo ir izv\u0113l\u0113jies uzs\u0101kt savu supervaro\u0146a ce\u013cojumu, jo vi\u0146\u0161 saprata, ka, \"mijiedarbojoties ar \u0161o melno ekr\u0101nu, uz kura sp\u012bd za\u013c\u0161 uzraksts, vi\u0146\u0161 var main\u012bt pasauli t\u0101, k\u0101 to ne vienm\u0113r bija paredz\u0113ts main\u012bt,\" saka Galperina, kura \u0161odien str\u0101d\u0101 par kiberdro\u0161\u012bbas direktori Electronic Frontier Foundation. \"Es noteikti izn\u0101cu ar \u0161\u0101du saj\u016btu: M\u016bsu cilv\u0113ki uz\u0146\u0113ma filmu. \"\n<\/p>\n
Jau gadiem ilgi visp\u0101rpie\u0146emtais klasisko hakeru filmu kanons ir sava veida sv\u0113t\u0101 tr\u012bsvien\u012bba: 1983. gada WarGames, kur\u0101 digit\u0101lais noziedznieks iejaucas Aukst\u0101 kara \u0123eopolitik\u0101; 1992. gada datoru un kriptogr\u0101fijas laup\u012b\u0161anas filma Sneakers; un 1995. gada pusaud\u017eu kiberhakeru trilleris Hackers. Tom\u0113r, atskatoties p\u0101ris gadu desmitus atpaka\u013c, ir pien\u0101cis laiks atz\u012bt, ka Matrica sav\u0101 zi\u0146\u0101 ir aiz\u0113nojusi \u0161o triumvir\u0101tu. Kam\u0113r citas hakeru filmas sastingst, p\u0101rv\u0113r\u0161oties par datorkapsul\u0101m, Matrica ir k\u013cuvusi par visiztur\u012bg\u0101ko, popul\u0101r\u0101ko un aktu\u0101l\u0101ko hakeru t\u0113lu - t\u0101 ir smadze\u0146u spraudnis, kas tik dzi\u013ci iesprausts m\u016bsu kult\u016bras izpratn\u0113 par \u0161o \u017eanru, ka m\u0113s esam gandr\u012bz aizmirsu\u0161i, ka tas tur ir.\n<\/p>\n
\u0160o citu filmu fani nor\u0101d\u012bs, ka Matricas goti\u0146\u0101m apvelt\u012btie lidojo\u0161ie kung fu kaujinieki burtisk\u0101 noz\u012bm\u0113 neko daudz nesa\u0137er. J\u0101, Neo filmas s\u0101kum\u0101 p\u0101rdod digit\u0101los ielau\u0161an\u0101s r\u012bkus, kas tiek glab\u0101ti MiniDiscs, un turpin\u0101jum\u0101 Tr\u012bsvien\u012bba re\u0101listiski izmanto sken\u0113\u0161anas programmu Nmap, lai uzlauztu elektr\u012bbas pakalpojumu serveri. Ta\u010du \u0161ie mirk\u013ci ir tikai \u012bsi mirk\u0161\u0137i par re\u0101lo kiberdro\u0161\u012bbas pasauli.\n<\/p>\n
\u012ast\u0101 hakeru uzlau\u0161ana Matric\u0101 ir metaforiska. Morfejs sniedz Neo sarkano pam\u0101c\u012bbu par to, ka digit\u0101l\u0101s sist\u0113mas lietot\u0101jam nav j\u0101iev\u0113ro t\u0101s lieto\u0161anas noteikumi. Tiem, kas izprot virtu\u0101l\u0101s vides pamatpaties\u012bbu - t\u0101s tehnisko realit\u0101ti, nevis lietot\u0101ja rokasgr\u0101mat\u0101 aprakst\u012bt\u0101s il\u016bzijas -, t\u0101di noteikumi k\u0101 gravit\u0101cijas likumsakar\u012bbas nav nemain\u012bgi likumi, bet gan piekl\u0101j\u012bgas konvencijas. \"Da\u017eus no tiem var sagroz\u012bt,\" Morfejs saka Neo. \" Citus var p\u0101rk\u0101pt. \"\n<\/p>\n
Liel\u0101kaj\u0101 da\u013c\u0101 re\u0101l\u0101s pasaules hakeru noteikumu p\u0101rk\u0101p\u0161ana notiek datora ekr\u0101na nefilm\u0113taj\u0101 r\u0101m\u012b. Matrica papla\u0161ina \u0161o datoru, lai aptvertu pa\u0161u realit\u0101ti; virtuoziska digit\u0101lo noteikumu loc\u012b\u0161ana un lau\u0161ana dabiski k\u013c\u016bst par sava veida fizikas izaicin\u0101jumiem bag\u0101tu u\u0161u.\n<\/p>\n
\" \"Matrica\" par\u0101da, k\u0101du visumu var rad\u012bt programmat\u016bra,\" saka Dino Dai Zovi, paz\u012bstams hakeris un dro\u0161\u012bbas p\u0113tnieks, kur\u0161 ir viens no dro\u0161\u012bbas uz\u0146\u0113mumu Trail of Bits un Capsule8 dibin\u0101t\u0101jiem. \" Jo vair\u0101k programmat\u016bra kontrol\u0113 visu m\u016bsu dz\u012bv\u0113, jo liel\u0101ku apbr\u012bnu izraisa iesp\u0113ja ieg\u016bt varu p\u0101r \u0161o programmat\u016bru. \"\n<\/p>\n
\u0160\u012b hakeru koncepcija p\u0101rsniedz jebkura konkr\u0113ta laikmeta tehnolo\u0123iju robe\u017eas, kas izskaidro, k\u0101p\u0113c hakeri ar\u012b p\u0113c daudziem gadiem joproj\u0101m izmanto filmas analo\u0123ijas, lai izskaidrotu savu darbu. Kad 2016. gad\u0101 Mi\u010diganas Universit\u0101tes p\u0113tnieki izmantoja mikrosh\u0113mas elektr\u012bbas nopl\u016bdi, lai taj\u0101 pasl\u0113ptu aizmugur\u0113j\u0101s durvis, vi\u0146i to raksturoja k\u0101 \" \u0101rpus Matricas. \" Kad dro\u0161\u012bbas p\u0113tniece Joanna Rutkowska par\u0101d\u012bja, ka var ieslodz\u012bt upura datoru neredzam\u0101 programmat\u016bras sl\u0101n\u012b, ko vi\u0146a kontrol\u0113, vi\u0146a to nod\u0113v\u0113ja par \" zil\u0101s tabletes \" uzbrukumu.\n<\/p>\n
\" Es varu izmantot Matricu, lai paskaidrotu, ka t\u0101 ir sieviete sarkan\u0101 kleit\u0101, ko visi redz, bet hakeris var redz\u0113t kodu, kas atveido \u0161o sievieti, un main\u012bt vi\u0146as kleitas kr\u0101su,\" saka Katie Moussouris, paz\u012bstama dro\u0161\u012bbas p\u0113tniece un Luta Security izpilddirektore. \" Un, pat ja j\u016bs, programm\u0113t\u0101js, to negrib\u0113j\u0101t pie\u013caut, tas ir iesp\u0113jams, jo es varu p\u0101rbaud\u012bt, kas paties\u012bb\u0101 notiek zem virsmas. \"\n<\/p>\n
Dai Zovi, kur\u0161 pirmo reizi redz\u0113ja filmu, kad bija 19 gadus vecs koled\u017eas students, saka, ka Matrica visvair\u0101k iem\u016b\u017eina hakeru saj\u016btu. Gadu v\u0113l\u0101k vi\u0146\u0161 str\u0101d\u0101ja par sist\u0113mu administratoru \u013coti agr\u012bn\u0101 soci\u0101lo mediju uz\u0146\u0113mum\u0101 SuperFamilies.com, kuram bija da\u017eas liekas Sun Microsystems darbstacijas. K\u0101d\u0101 piektdien\u0101 vi\u0146\u0161 pajaut\u0101ja, vai var pa\u0146emt vienu no t\u0101m uz m\u0101j\u0101m, lai ar to pastr\u0101d\u0101tu, un atrada t\u0101s programmat\u016br\u0101 atmi\u0146as boj\u0101jumu, kura izmanto\u0161anai vi\u0146\u0161 pavad\u012bja visas pavasara br\u012bvdienas.\n<\/p>\n
Kad vi\u0146am beidzot tas bija izdevies, Dai Zovi pirmo reizi izbaud\u012bja, k\u0101da ir saj\u016bta piln\u012bb\u0101 p\u0101r\u0146emt kontroli p\u0101r k\u0101du kodu ar pa\u0161a izgudrotu metodi, liekot tam dar\u012bt visu, ko vi\u0146\u0161 v\u0113las. Vi\u0146\u0161 sal\u012bdzina to ar br\u012bdi, kad Neo iel\u0113ca a\u0123enta Smita \u0137ermen\u012b, uzspridzin\u0101ja vi\u0146u un p\u0113c tam klusu st\u0101v\u0113ja vi\u0146a viet\u0101, kam\u0113r pasaule smalki izloc\u012bj\u0101s ap vi\u0146u. \"Vi\u0146\u0161 to liekas, un ekr\u0101ns it k\u0101 burbu\u013co, it k\u0101 vi\u0146\u0161 izkrop\u013co laiku un telpu,\" st\u0101sta Dai Zovi. \"Kad tu raksti savu pirmo varo\u0146darbu - vai simto vai t\u016bksto\u0161o -, tu j\u016bti, k\u0101 tas saliecas. Tikl\u012bdz j\u016bs to pilnveidojat, j\u016bs v\u0113laties to palaist miljons rei\u017eu, lai sajustu to sp\u0113ku un iesp\u0113jas. \"\n<\/p>\n
M\u016bsu realit\u0101t\u0113 hakeriem v\u0113l nav glu\u017ei supersp\u0113jas. Ta\u010du, t\u0101 k\u0101 t\u012bkla datori iek\u013c\u016bst arvien vair\u0101k fizisku objektu - m\u016bsu automa\u0161\u012bn\u0101s, m\u0101jas ier\u012bc\u0113s un pat kritiski svar\u012bg\u0101 infrastrukt\u016br\u0101, piem\u0113ram, elektrot\u012bklos, \u016bdensapg\u0101des sist\u0113m\u0101s un ra\u017eo\u0161an\u0101, - m\u016bsdienu dz\u012bve k\u013c\u016bst arvien l\u012bdz\u012bg\u0101ka Matricei. Sp\u0113ja kontrol\u0113t \u0161\u012bs datorsist\u0113mas k\u013c\u016bst par prasmi, kas var main\u012bt re\u0101lo pasauli.\n<\/p>\n
Liel\u0101kajai da\u013cai no mums vairs nav iesp\u0113jams atsl\u0113gties no \u0161\u012bs visaptvero\u0161\u0101s datoriz\u0101cijas. Iesp\u0113jams, ka lab\u0101k ir uzvilkt iz\u0161\u016bto m\u0113teli, ienirt digit\u0101laj\u0101 pasaul\u0113 un s\u0101kt loc\u012bt da\u017eas karotes.\n<\/p>\n
\u0160is raksts public\u0113ts 2021. gada decembra\n<\/p>\n
Dariet mums zin\u0101mu, ko dom\u0101jat par \u0161o rakstu. Nos\u016btiet v\u0113stuli redaktoram uz mail@wired.com.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
1999. gada pavasar\u012b 20 gadus vec\u0101 hakere Eva Galperina un vi\u0146as draugs Sanfrancisko kinote\u0101tr\u012b ien\u0101ca filmas \"Matrica\" seans\u0101 un izg\u0101ja no t\u0101 ar saj\u016btu, ka vi\u0146i tikko ieraudz\u012bja pa\u0161i sevi - vai vismaz to, kas vi\u0146i var\u0113tu b\u016bt. Galperina, kas tolaik bija Unix sist\u0113mu administratore ar melniem un ziliem drediem, nekav\u0113joties nopirka sev garu, melnu, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":34258,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[28],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-34243","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-future-of-reality"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/movieworld.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34243","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/movieworld.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/movieworld.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/movieworld.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/movieworld.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=34243"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/movieworld.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34243\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/movieworld.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/34258"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/movieworld.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=34243"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/movieworld.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=34243"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/movieworld.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=34243"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}