Pag\u0101ju\u0161\u0101 gadsimta 30. gados, tr\u012bs desmitgades pirms N\u012bls \u0100rmstrongs k\u013cuva par pirmo cilv\u0113ku, kas k\u0101pa uz M\u0113ness, Baks Rod\u017eerss piedz\u012bvoja sav\u0101d\u0101kus piedz\u012bvojumus kosmos\u0101 - gan komiksos, gan uz kino ekr\u0101na. Kad 60. gados NASA s\u0101ka darboties, pirm\u0101 astronautu paaudze izskat\u012bj\u0101s tie\u0161i t\u0101pat k\u0101 vi\u0146\u0161: visi bija baltie v\u012brie\u0161i, tikai bez starme\u0161u pistoles.\n<\/p>\n
Pusgadsimtu v\u0113l\u0101k zin\u0101tnisk\u0101 fantastika ir apsteigusi re\u0101l\u0101s kosmosa programmas. 21. gadsimt\u0101 joproj\u0101m ir Baks Rod\u017eerss, bet ir ar\u012b \"Star Trek: Discovery\" Maikla Burnhema (Soneka M\u0101rtin-Gr\u012bna) un Kasjans Andors (Djego Luna) - person\u0101\u017ei, kas par\u0101da pasaules daudzveid\u012bbu t\u0101, k\u0101 to nekad nav dar\u012bjusi agr\u012bn\u0101 zin\u0101tnisk\u0101 fantastika un NASA. \u0160\u0101di seri\u0101li, k\u0101 ar\u012b t\u0101di seri\u0101li k\u0101 The Expanse un Foundation, ir paliku\u0161i soli priek\u0161\u0101 ASV kosmosa a\u0123ent\u016brai, kas tikai tagad gatavojas 2026. gad\u0101 nos\u016bt\u012bt uz M\u0113nesi pirmo sievieti un pirmo kr\u0101saino cilv\u0113ku.\n<\/p>\n
\" \"Star Trek\" redz\u0113jums par da\u017e\u0101du rasu v\u012brie\u0161iem un sieviet\u0113m, kas str\u0101d\u0101 kop\u0101, pirmo reizi tika par\u0101d\u012bts 1966. gad\u0101, kad s\u0101k\u0101s kust\u012bba par pilsoniskaj\u0101m ties\u012bb\u0101m un sievie\u0161u kust\u012bbas otrais vilnis,\" saka Nacion\u0101l\u0101 gaisa un kosmosa muzeja v\u0113sturniece un gr\u0101matas \"Space Craze: America' s Enduring Fascination with Real and Imagined Spaceflight\" (\"Kosmosa trakums: Amerikas ilgsto\u0161\u0101 aizrau\u0161an\u0101s ar re\u0101liem un iedom\u0101tiem lidojumiem kosmos\u0101\") autore Margaret Weitekamp. \" Tas ir kaut kas, kas ir k\u013cuvis par ide\u0101lu un ko, k\u0101 m\u0113s zin\u0101m, izmantoja ar\u012b NASA 70. gadu beig\u0101s, lai pie\u0146emtu darb\u0101 daudzveid\u012bg\u0101ku astronautu grupu kosmosa ku\u0123u programmai. \"\n<\/p>\n
NASA pirm\u0101s astronautu partijas locek\u013ci, tie, kas sapulc\u0113j\u0101s pirms \"Treka\" pirmizr\u0101des, visi izskat\u012bj\u0101s l\u012bdz\u012bgi cits citam. Veitekamps nor\u0101da, ka, kad \u0161ie v\u012brie\u0161i san\u0101ca kop\u0101 fotograf\u0113ties - vi\u0146i visi bija baltie, kristie\u0161i, prec\u0113ju\u0161ies, milit\u0101ri apm\u0101c\u012bti reakt\u012bvo lidma\u0161\u012bnu piloti -, vi\u0146iem bija j\u0101st\u0101v alfab\u0113tisk\u0101 sec\u012bb\u0101, lai tie, kas rakst\u012bja uzrakstus, tos nesajauktu. Liel\u0101kajai da\u013cai cilv\u0113ku m\u016bsdien\u0101s un pat tolaik \u0161\u0101ds t\u0113ls \u0161\u0137istu p\u0101rsteidzo\u0161s. Ta\u010du Trek un t\u0101 rad\u012bt\u0101js D\u017e\u012bns Roddenberijs pied\u0101v\u0101ja pavisam citu n\u0101kotnes redz\u0113jumu - t\u0101du, kas, k\u0101 vi\u0146i cer\u0113ja, var\u0113tu virz\u012bt lietas tagadn\u0113. Se\u0161desmito gadu beig\u0101s M\u0101rtins Luters Kings juniors p\u0101rliecin\u0101ja Nikelu Nikolsu turpin\u0101t sp\u0113l\u0113t Uhuru Star Trek seri\u0101l\u0101, jo, k\u0101 vi\u0146\u0161 teica, \" Kad m\u0113s redzam j\u016bs, m\u0113s redzam sevi, un m\u0113s redzam sevi sapr\u0101t\u012bgu, skaistu un lepnu. \" Nikolsa uzs\u0101ka kampa\u0146u, lai pan\u0101ktu daudzveid\u012bbu NASA, film\u0113jot darb\u0101 pie\u0146em\u0161anas videoklipus un ce\u013cojot pa universit\u0101t\u0113m, mekl\u0113jot astronautus. 1978. gad\u0101 NASA astronautu kursam pieteic\u0101s 8000 meln\u0101daino, azi\u0101tu un lat\u012b\u0146amerik\u0101\u0146u taut\u012bbas v\u012brie\u0161u un sievie\u0161u; no 35 jauniem rekrutiem starp vi\u0146iem bija se\u0161as sievietes un \u010detri cittautie\u0161i.\n<\/p>\n
1983. gad\u0101, ilgu laiku p\u0113c Apollo M\u0113ness programmas, ASV kosmos\u0101 palaida pirmo amerik\u0101nieti Salliju Raidu un pirmo meln\u0101daino amerik\u0101ni Gijonu Bl\u016bfordu - abi bija pirm\u0101s Nikolsa klases dal\u012bbnieki. Eiropa pirm\u0101s sievietes astronautes kosmos\u0101 nos\u016bt\u012bja 90. gadu s\u0101kum\u0101. Padomju Savien\u012bba visus apsteidza, attiec\u012bgi 1963. gad\u0101 un 1980. gad\u0101 palai\u017eot kosmos\u0101 pirmo sievieti un kr\u0101saino cilv\u0113ku - Valent\u012bnu Tere\u0161kovu un kubie\u0161u kosmonautu Arnaldo Tamajo M\u00e9ndez.\n<\/p>\n
Ta\u010du, lai gan p\u0113d\u0113jo p\u0101ris desmitga\u017eu laik\u0101 arvien vair\u0101k sievie\u0161u un kr\u0101saino cilv\u0113ku ir ce\u013coju\u0161i zemaj\u0101 Zemes orb\u012bt\u0101 un uz Starptautisko kosmosa staciju, vi\u0146i joproj\u0101m ir maz\u0101kum\u0101. No vair\u0101k nek\u0101 600 cilv\u0113kiem, kas l\u012bdz \u0161im ir devu\u0161ies kosmos\u0101, tikai 75 ir biju\u0161as sievietes un 18 - meln\u0101dainas sievietes, no kur\u0101m piecas bija meln\u0101dainas sievietes Mejas D\u017eemisones vad\u012bb\u0101.\n<\/p>\n
Taj\u0101 pa\u0161\u0101 laik\u0101 kosmosa zin\u0101tnisk\u0101 fantastika ir att\u012bst\u012bjusies daudz t\u0101l\u0101k par Baka Rod\u017eersa un Flasha Gordona laikmetu. \u0160ie pirmie seri\u0101li un komiksi att\u0113loja ce\u013co\u0161anu kosmos\u0101 k\u0101 vesternu, kur baltie v\u012brie\u0161i pionieri dodas uz jaunaj\u0101m robe\u017e\u0101m, ne tik \u013coti at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bb\u0101 no Amerikas baltajiem kolonistiem, kas \"atkl\u0101ja\" jaunas teritorijas, kuras jau bija apdz\u012bvoju\u0161i pamatiedz\u012bvot\u0101ji.\n<\/p>\n
90. gadu \"Zvaig\u017e\u0146u ce\u013ca\" s\u0113rijas st\u0101st\u012bja da\u017e\u0101dus st\u0101stus, kurus vad\u012bja pirmie meln\u0101dainie un pirmie sievie\u0161u k\u0101rtas kaptei\u0146i fran\u0161\u012bz\u0113. Seri\u0101los Star Trek: Deep Space 9 un Babylon 5 bija iek\u013cauti da\u017e\u0101di citplan\u0113tie\u0161i un da\u017e\u0101du rasu un taut\u012bbu cilv\u0113ki, kas kop\u0101 atrodas kosmosa stacij\u0101 un kuriem ir j\u0101izdom\u0101, k\u0101 sadarboties un rast kop\u012bgu sp\u0113ku, st\u0101sta Veitekampa. Tas ir t\u0101lu no \u0101rvalstniekiem film\u0101 Buck Rogers, kurus da\u017ek\u0101rt vienk\u0101r\u0161i sp\u0113l\u0113ja brunete (nevis blondais varonis) un kuri tika aizmirsti, kad pien\u0101ca n\u0101kamais piedz\u012bvojums.\n<\/p>\n
M\u016bsdien\u0101s ir daudz da\u017e\u0101du zin\u0101tnisk\u0101s fantastikas seri\u0101lu. Seri\u0101l\u0101 Star Trek: Discovery Martin-Gr\u012bn ir ku\u0123a st\u016br\u0113t\u0101ja, kur\u0101 darbojas transseksu\u0101li un nebin\u0101ri aktieri, un \u0161is seri\u0101ls drosm\u012bgi iedvesmoja citus jaunus fran\u0161\u012bzes seri\u0101lus. Obi-Wan Kenobi ir Moses Ingram k\u0101 inkvizitors Reva, The Expanse ir Dominique Tipper k\u0101 Naomi Nagata, un Doctor Who ir Jodie Whittaker k\u0101 pirm\u0101 sieviete Doktore, lai nosauktu tikai da\u017eus. \n<\/p>\n
Ta\u010du ne visas \u0161\u012bs jaun\u0101s zin\u0101tnisk\u0101s fantastikas sejas ierad\u0101s bez pretreakcijas. Konservat\u012bvie kriti\u0137i un pat da\u017ei Treka fani izsm\u0113ja Discovery un spinoff filmu Strange New Worlds k\u0101 \"atpaliku\u0161us\", ignor\u0113jot to, ka Star Trek vienm\u0113r ir biju\u0161i daudzveid\u012bgi aktieri un st\u0101sti ar izaicino\u0161iem ar rasi un dzimumu saist\u012btiem jaut\u0101jumiem. Simtiem \"Zvaig\u017e\u0146u karu\" fanu Ingramai s\u016bt\u012bja rasistiskas zi\u0146as, k\u0101 rezult\u0101t\u0101 vi\u0146as aizst\u0101vjiem n\u0101ca kl\u0101t Evans Makgregors, kur\u0161 sp\u0113l\u0113 Obiju Vanu, un Ansons Mounts, kur\u0161 sp\u0113l\u0113 \"Sve\u0161\u0101s jaun\u0101s pasaules\" kapteini. NASA pietic\u012bg\u0101kie so\u013ci sa\u0146\u0113ma ar\u012b kritiku par \"v\u0113sas identit\u0101tes politikas\" veicin\u0101\u0161anu, k\u0101 teikts vien\u0101 no zi\u0146ojumiem. Ta\u010du \u0161ie apraksti kalpoja tikai k\u0101 nostal\u0123isks m\u0113\u0123in\u0101jums attaisnot agr\u0101ko diskrimin\u0101ciju dzimuma un rases d\u0113\u013c un ignor\u0113ja to, ka liela sabiedr\u012bbas da\u013ca ir p\u0101rsp\u0113jusi Baka Rod\u017eersa arhetipu.\n<\/p>\n
Kad programmas Artemis ietvaros uz M\u0113ness beidzot piezem\u0113sies pirm\u0101 sieviete un pirmais kr\u0101sainais cilv\u0113ks, tas b\u016bs milz\u012bgs cilv\u0113ces l\u0113ciens. Komerci\u0101lie lidojumi kosmos\u0101 var\u0113tu pied\u0101v\u0101t ar\u012b papildu iesp\u0113jas, pat ja daudzi no l\u012bdz\u0161in\u0113jiem pasa\u017eieriem ir biju\u0161i tur\u012bgi, baltie v\u012brie\u0161i. L\u012bdz \u0161im divus orbit\u0101los komerci\u0101los lidojumus kosmos\u0101 ir vad\u012bju\u0161i baltie v\u012brie\u0161i, tostarp miljardieris D\u017eareds \u012azaksmans (Jared Isaacman) SpaceX Inspiration4 kosmosa lidojum\u0101, ta\u010du m\u0113s redzam ar\u012b citus, tostarp divas sievietes \u0161aj\u0101 lidojum\u0101, piem\u0113ram, Sian Proctor, kas ir ceturt\u0101 meln\u0101dain\u0101 sieviete, kura ce\u013co kosmos\u0101. \u0160aj\u0101s jaun\u0101s kosmosa lidojumu \u0113ras pirmaj\u0101s dien\u0101s v\u0113l nav zin\u0101ms, vai priv\u0101t\u0101 nozare veiks t\u0101das pa\u0161as p\u0101rmai\u0146as, k\u0101das veic kosmosa a\u0123ent\u016bras.\n<\/p>\n
Zin\u0101tnisk\u0101 fantastika sav\u0101 b\u016bt\u012bb\u0101 vienm\u0113r b\u016bs priek\u0161\u0101 re\u0101lajai pasaulei. T\u0101s m\u0113r\u0137is ir apl\u016bkot to, kas ir, un iedom\u0101ties, kas var\u0113tu b\u016bt, \u0146emot v\u0113r\u0101 m\u016bsdienu izaicin\u0101jumus un ide\u0101lus. T\u0101 pal\u012bdz\u0113ja NASA iek\u013c\u016bt 20. gadsimt\u0101. K\u0101du dienu t\u0101 pal\u012bdz\u0113s p\u0101rcelt kosmosa ce\u013cojumus ar\u012b uz 24. gadsimtu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Pag\u0101ju\u0161\u0101 gadsimta 30. gados, tr\u012bs desmitgades pirms N\u012bls \u0100rmstrongs k\u013cuva par pirmo cilv\u0113ku, kas k\u0101pa uz M\u0113ness, Baks Rod\u017eerss piedz\u012bvoja sav\u0101d\u0101kus piedz\u012bvojumus kosmos\u0101 - gan komiksos, gan uz kino ekr\u0101na. Kad 60. gados NASA s\u0101ka darboties, pirm\u0101 astronautu paaudze izskat\u012bj\u0101s tie\u0161i t\u0101pat k\u0101 vi\u0146\u0161: visi bija baltie v\u012brie\u0161i, tikai bez starme\u0161u pistoles. Pusgadsimtu v\u0113l\u0101k zin\u0101tnisk\u0101 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":33998,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-33983","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-new-crew"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/movieworld.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33983","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/movieworld.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/movieworld.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/movieworld.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/movieworld.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=33983"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/movieworld.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33983\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/movieworld.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/33998"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/movieworld.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=33983"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/movieworld.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=33983"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/movieworld.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=33983"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}