Na ja\u0159e roku 1999 ve\u0161la dvacetilet\u00e1 hackerka Eva Galperinov\u00e1 se sv\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edtelem do kina v San Francisku na prom\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed filmu Matrix a vy\u0161la s pocitem, \u017ee pr\u00e1v\u011b spat\u0159ila sama sebe - nebo alespo\u0148 to, k\u00fdm by mohla b\u00fdt. Galperinov\u00e1, v t\u00e9 dob\u011b syst\u00e9mov\u00e1 administr\u00e1torka se zam\u011b\u0159en\u00edm na Unix s \u010derno-modr\u00fdmi dredy, si okam\u017eit\u011b koupila dlouh\u00fd \u010dern\u00fd kab\u00e1t s rozevl\u00e1t\u00fdmi vlasy. Jej\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtel si koupil br\u00fdle Oakleys.\n<\/p>\n
Nebyl to v\u0161ak jen smysl pro m\u00f3du ve filmu, kter\u00fd je oslovil. Galperinov\u00e1 m\u011bla pocit, \u017ee p\u0159edstavuje zku\u0161enost s hackov\u00e1n\u00edm zp\u016fsobem, kter\u00fd nikdy p\u0159edt\u00edm nevid\u011bla. Zd\u00e1lo se, \u017ee Neo se rozhodl podniknout svou superhrdinskou cestu, proto\u017ee pochopil, \u017ee \" interakc\u00ed s touto \u010dernou obrazovkou se sv\u00edt\u00edc\u00edm zelen\u00fdm n\u00e1pisem m\u016f\u017ee zm\u011bnit sv\u011bt zp\u016fsobem, kter\u00fd nebyl nutn\u011b ur\u010den k tomu, aby byl zm\u011bn\u011bn, \" \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Galperinov\u00e1, kter\u00e1 dnes pracuje jako \u0159editelka kybernetick\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnosti v Electronic Frontier Foundation. \" Rozhodn\u011b jsem z toho vy\u0161el s pocitem: Na\u0161i lid\u00e9 nato\u010dili film. \"\n<\/p>\n
Obecn\u011b uzn\u00e1van\u00fd k\u00e1non klasick\u00fdch hackersk\u00fdch film\u016f tvo\u0159\u00ed u\u017e l\u00e9ta jak\u00e1si svat\u00e1 trojice: WarGames z roku 1983 s digit\u00e1ln\u00edm delikventem zapleten\u00fdm do geopolitiky studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky, po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fd a kryptografick\u00fd heist film Sneakers z roku 1992 a teenagersk\u00fd kybernetick\u00fd thriller Hackers z roku 1995. S odstupem n\u011bkolika desetilet\u00ed je v\u0161ak ji\u017e d\u00e1vno na \u010dase uznat, \u017ee Matrix tento triumvir\u00e1t v n\u011bkter\u00fdch ohledech zast\u00ednil. Zat\u00edmco ostatn\u00ed hackersk\u00e9 filmy zkostnat\u011bly a zm\u011bnily se v \u010dasov\u00e9 kapsle po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdch her na ko\u010dku a my\u0161, Matrix se stal nejtrvalej\u0161\u00edm, nejpopul\u00e1rn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm a nejrelevantn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm obrazem hackingu - mozkovou z\u00e1str\u010dkou, kter\u00e1 se v na\u0161em kulturn\u00edm pojet\u00ed \u017e\u00e1nru usadila tak hluboko, \u017ee jsme na ni u\u017e t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 zapomn\u011bli.\n<\/p>\n
Fanou\u0161ci t\u011bchto film\u016f budou poukazovat na to, \u017ee l\u00e9taj\u00edc\u00ed kung-fu bojovn\u00edci v Matrixu s gotick\u00fdmi mramory se v prav\u00e9m slova smyslu moc nesekali. Ano, Neo za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 film prodejem n\u00e1stroj\u016f pro digit\u00e1ln\u00ed vniknut\u00ed ulo\u017een\u00fdch na minidisc\u00edch a v pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed Trinity realisticky pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 skenovac\u00ed program Nmap k prolomen\u00ed serveru elektr\u00e1rensk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti. Ale tyto momenty jsou jen kr\u00e1tk\u00fdm mrknut\u00edm do skute\u010dn\u00e9ho sv\u011bta kybernetick\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnosti.\n<\/p>\n
Skute\u010dn\u00e9 hackov\u00e1n\u00ed v Matrixu je metaforick\u00e9. Lekce, kterou Morfeus d\u00e1v\u00e1 Neovi, spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v tom, \u017ee u\u017eivatel digit\u00e1ln\u00edho syst\u00e9mu nemus\u00ed dodr\u017eovat jeho provozn\u00ed podm\u00ednky. Pro ty, kdo ch\u00e1pou z\u00e1kladn\u00ed pravdu virtu\u00e1ln\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed - jeho technickou realitu, nikoli iluze popsan\u00e9 v u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edru\u010dce -, nejsou pravidla jako gravitace nem\u011bnn\u00fdmi z\u00e1kony, ale zdvo\u0159ilostn\u00edmi konvencemi. \" N\u011bkter\u00e1 z nich lze oh\u00fdbat, \" \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Morfeus Neovi. \" Jin\u00e1 lze poru\u0161it. \"\n<\/p>\n
Ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f skute\u010dn\u00e9ho hackerstv\u00ed se poru\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed pravidel odehr\u00e1v\u00e1 v nefilmov\u00e9m r\u00e1mu po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 obrazovky. Matrix roz\u0161i\u0159uje po\u010d\u00edta\u010d na samotnou realitu; virtu\u00f3zn\u00ed oh\u00fdb\u00e1n\u00ed a poru\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00edch pravidel se p\u0159irozen\u011b st\u00e1v\u00e1 druhem fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edho wu-\u0161u.\n<\/p>\n
\" Matrix ukazuje, jak\u00fd vesm\u00edr m\u016f\u017ee software vytvo\u0159it,\" \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Dino Dai Zovi, zn\u00e1m\u00fd hacker a bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed v\u00fdzkumn\u00edk, kter\u00fd spoluzalo\u017eil bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed firmy Trail of Bits a Capsule8. \" \u010c\u00edm v\u00edce software ovl\u00e1d\u00e1 v\u0161e v na\u0161em \u017eivot\u011b, t\u00edm v\u00edce vzbuzuje respekt mo\u017enost m\u00edt nad n\u00edm moc. \"\n<\/p>\n
Toto pojet\u00ed hackingu p\u0159esahuje technologie konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed doby, co\u017e vysv\u011btluje, pro\u010d se hacke\u0159i i po letech uchyluj\u00ed k analogi\u00edm z filmu, aby vysv\u011btlili svou pr\u00e1ci. Kdy\u017e v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci z Michigansk\u00e9 univerzity v roce 2016 vyu\u017eili \u00faniku elektrick\u00e9 energie z \u010dipu, aby v n\u011bm ukryli zadn\u00ed vr\u00e1tka, popsali to jako \" mimo Matrix. \" Kdy\u017e bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed v\u00fdzkumnice Joanna Rutkowska uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee dok\u00e1\u017ee uv\u011bznit po\u010d\u00edta\u010d ob\u011bti uvnit\u0159 neviditeln\u00e9 vrstvy softwaru pod jej\u00ed kontrolou, nazvala to \" \u00fatokem modrou pilulkou \".\n<\/p>\n
\" M\u016f\u017eu pou\u017e\u00edt Matrix, abych vysv\u011btlila, \u017ee to je \u017eena v \u010derven\u00fdch \u0161atech, kterou v\u0161ichni vid\u00ed, ale hacker m\u016f\u017ee vid\u011bt k\u00f3d, kter\u00fd tuto \u017eenu vykresluje, a zm\u011bnit barvu jej\u00edch \u0161at\u016f, \" \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Katie Moussouris, uzn\u00e1van\u00e1 bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed v\u00fdzkumnice a gener\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0159editelka spole\u010dnosti Luta Security. \" A i kdy\u017e jste to vy, program\u00e1tor, necht\u011bli dovolit, je to mo\u017en\u00e9, proto\u017ee mohu prozkoumat, co se skute\u010dn\u011b d\u011bje pod povrchem. \"\n<\/p>\n
Dai Zovi, kter\u00fd film poprv\u00e9 vid\u011bl jako devaten\u00e1ctilet\u00fd student, \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee Matrix ze v\u0161eho nejv\u00edc zachycuje pocit hackov\u00e1n\u00ed. O rok pozd\u011bji pracoval jako syst\u00e9mov\u00fd administr\u00e1tor pro spole\u010dnost SuperFamilies.com, kter\u00e1 se zab\u00fdvala soci\u00e1ln\u00edmi m\u00e9dii a kde se povalovalo n\u011bkolik pracovn\u00edch stanic Sun Microsystems nav\u00edc. Jednou v p\u00e1tek po\u017e\u00e1dal, zda by si mohl jednu z nich vz\u00edt dom\u016f, aby si s n\u00ed mohl pohr\u00e1t - a na\u0161el v jej\u00edm softwaru chybu v po\u0161kozen\u00ed pam\u011bti, kterou se cel\u00e9 jarn\u00ed pr\u00e1zdniny u\u010dil zneu\u017e\u00edvat.\n<\/p>\n
Kdy\u017e se mu to kone\u010dn\u011b poda\u0159ilo, Dai Zovi si poprv\u00e9 vyzkou\u0161el, jak\u00e9 to je pln\u011b ovl\u00e1dnout kus k\u00f3du pomoc\u00ed techniky, kterou s\u00e1m vymyslel, a p\u0159im\u011bt ho d\u011blat, co si p\u0159eje. P\u0159irovnal to k tomu, kdy\u017e Neo sko\u010d\u00ed do t\u011bla agenta Smithe, nech\u00e1 ho explodovat a pak ti\u0161e stoj\u00ed na jeho m\u00edst\u011b, zat\u00edmco se sv\u011bt kolem n\u011bj nen\u00e1padn\u011b oh\u00fdb\u00e1. \"Ud\u011bl\u00e1 takov\u00fd ohyb a obrazovka jakoby zabubl\u00e1, jako by pok\u0159ivil \u010dasoprostor,\" \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Dai Zovi. \" Kdy\u017e p\u00ed\u0161ete sv\u016fj prvn\u00ed exploit - nebo st\u00fd \u010di tis\u00edc\u00ed - c\u00edt\u00edte to prohnut\u00ed. Jakmile ho zdokonal\u00edte, chcete ho spustit milionkr\u00e1t, abyste z\u00edskali ten pocit s\u00edly a schopnosti. \"\n<\/p>\n
Hacke\u0159i v na\u0161\u00ed realit\u011b je\u0161t\u011b nemaj\u00ed tak docela superschopnosti. Ale s t\u00edm, jak s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9 po\u010d\u00edta\u010de pronikaj\u00ed do st\u00e1le v\u011bt\u0161\u00edho mno\u017estv\u00ed fyzick\u00fdch objekt\u016f - na\u0161ich aut, dom\u00e1c\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a dokonce i kritick\u00e9 infrastruktury, jako jsou elektrick\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b, syst\u00e9my z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed vodou a v\u00fdroba - se modern\u00ed \u017eivot st\u00e1le v\u00edce podob\u00e1 Matrixu. Schopnost ovl\u00e1dat tyto po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my se st\u00e1v\u00e1 dovednost\u00ed, kter\u00e1 m\u016f\u017ee zm\u011bnit skute\u010dn\u00fd sv\u011bt.\n<\/p>\n
Odpojit se od v\u0161udyp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9 v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00ed techniky u\u017e pro v\u011bt\u0161inu z n\u00e1s nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9. Mo\u017en\u00e1 je lep\u0161\u00ed obl\u00e9knout si rozevl\u00e1t\u00fd kab\u00e1t, pono\u0159it se do digit\u00e1ln\u00edho sv\u011bta a za\u010d\u00edt oh\u00fdbat l\u017e\u00edce.\n<\/p>\n
Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek vy\u0161el v prosincov\u00e9m \u010d\u00edsle 2021\n<\/p>\n
Dejte n\u00e1m v\u011bd\u011bt, co si o tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku mysl\u00edte. Po\u0161lete dopis redakci na adresu mail@wired.com.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Na ja\u0159e roku 1999 ve\u0161la dvacetilet\u00e1 hackerka Eva Galperinov\u00e1 se sv\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edtelem do kina v San Francisku na prom\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed filmu Matrix a vy\u0161la s pocitem, \u017ee pr\u00e1v\u011b spat\u0159ila sama sebe - nebo alespo\u0148 to, k\u00fdm by mohla b\u00fdt. Galperinov\u00e1, v t\u00e9 dob\u011b syst\u00e9mov\u00e1 administr\u00e1torka se zam\u011b\u0159en\u00edm na Unix s \u010derno-modr\u00fdmi dredy, si okam\u017eit\u011b koupila dlouh\u00fd […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":34258,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[28],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-34254","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-future-of-reality"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/movieworld.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34254","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/movieworld.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/movieworld.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/movieworld.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/movieworld.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=34254"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/movieworld.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34254\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/movieworld.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/34258"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/movieworld.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=34254"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/movieworld.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=34254"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/movieworld.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=34254"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}