Dne 1. \u00fanora 2003 se raketopl\u00e1n Columbia vydal na sv\u016fj 28. let. Nikdy se nevr\u00e1til. B\u011bhem startu vypadl z vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017ee raketopl\u00e1nu velk\u00fd kus p\u011bnov\u00e9 izolace, kter\u00fd zas\u00e1hl jeho lev\u00e9 k\u0159\u00eddlo, a kdy\u017e se pos\u00e1dka po ukon\u010den\u00ed mise vr\u00e1tila do zemsk\u00e9 atmosf\u00e9ry, do\u0161lo k rozpadu cel\u00e9ho raketopl\u00e1nu. V\u0161ech sedm astronaut\u016f NASA na palub\u011b zahynulo.\n<\/p>\n
Po t\u00e9to katastrof\u011b p\u0159ijala NASA a vl\u00e1da USA bolestiv\u00e9 rozhodnut\u00ed ukon\u010dit program raketopl\u00e1n\u016f. P\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b ve stejn\u00e9 dob\u011b spustil m\u00e1lo zn\u00e1m\u00fd miliard\u00e1\u0159 a zakladatel spole\u010dnosti Paypal Elon Musk startup zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fd na v\u00fdzkum vesm\u00edru. V odv\u011btv\u00ed, kter\u00e9mu dominuj\u00ed t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 v\u00e1hy jako Lockheed Martin a Boeing, se spole\u010dnost n\u011bkolik let pot\u00fdkala s probl\u00e9my, zejm\u00e9na pot\u00e9, co v\u0161echny jej\u00ed prvn\u00ed t\u0159i rakety selhaly.\n<\/p>\n
Navzdory dlouh\u00fdm p\u0159edpoklad\u016fm se v\u0161ak Muskovi a SpaceX poda\u0159ilo usp\u011bt a vyvinout levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, opakovan\u011b pou\u017eiteln\u00e9 rakety, kter\u00e9 lze bezpe\u010dn\u011b dopravit zp\u011bt na zem a znovu vyslat do vesm\u00edru. V roce 2020 vypustila spole\u010dnost SpaceX kapsli Dragon, kter\u00e1 dopravila astronauty NASA Boba Behnkena a Douga Hurleyho na Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed vesm\u00edrnou stanici, co\u017e znamenalo, \u017ee komer\u010dn\u00ed kosmick\u00e1 lo\u010f poprv\u00e9 dokon\u010dila misi k ISS.\n<\/p>\n
Alespo\u0148 takov\u00fd je p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh nov\u00e9ho dokument\u00e1rn\u00edho filmu spole\u010dnosti Netflix s n\u00e1zvem Return to Space (N\u00e1vrat do vesm\u00edru). Re\u017eis\u00e9\u0159i Elizabeth Chai Vasarhelyiov\u00e1 a Jimmy Chin (Free Solo) se v n\u011bm sna\u017e\u00ed uk\u00e1zat, jak SpaceX t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 deset let po posledn\u00edm letu raketopl\u00e1nu v roce 2011 vr\u00e1tila do USA starty s pos\u00e1dkou. V dob\u011b, kdy si SpaceX p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 20. v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed sv\u00e9ho zalo\u017een\u00ed, film vykresluje obraz spole\u010dnosti jako nutnosti pro budoucnost, proto\u017ee Rusko od\u0159\u00edzlo v\u011bt\u0161inu sv\u011bta od vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed kosmick\u00fdch lod\u00ed Sojuz a st\u00e1le v\u00edce z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016f pot\u0159ebuje levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed slu\u017eby do vesm\u00edru podobn\u00e9 slu\u017eb\u00e1m Uber nebo FedEx. Je to p\u011bkn\u00fd film, ale nen\u00ed to cel\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh.\n<\/p>\n
Z Muskovy r\u00e9toriky se m\u016f\u017ee zd\u00e1t, \u017ee SpaceX zah\u00e1j\u00ed novou \u00e9ru vesm\u00edrn\u00fdch let\u016f a zachr\u00e1n\u00ed lidstvo vybudov\u00e1n\u00edm koloni\u00ed na Marsu a dal\u0161\u00edch nehostinn\u00fdch sv\u011btech, ale jeho spole\u010dnost a j\u00ed podobn\u00e9 by bez NASA a jej\u00edch zak\u00e1zek neexistovaly. Kdy\u017e se uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee vesm\u00edrn\u00e1 agentura nem\u016f\u017ee dos\u00e1hnout sv\u00fdch rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdch ambic\u00ed, ani\u017e by n\u011bkter\u00e9 \u00fakoly delegovala na jin\u00e9, NASA sehr\u00e1la z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli v podpo\u0159e za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00edho pr\u016fmyslu, kterou hraje dodnes.\n<\/p>\n
Bez ohledu na to, kdo \u0159\u00edd\u00ed vesm\u00edrn\u00fd tax\u00edk, skute\u010dn\u00e1 akce se odehr\u00e1v\u00e1 na ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9 dr\u00e1ze a mimo ni. SpaceX nyn\u00ed poskytuje kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 slu\u017eby, dopravuje astronauty na ob\u011b\u017enou dr\u00e1hu a zaji\u0161\u0165uje z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed, ale NASA a dal\u0161\u00ed kosmick\u00e9 agentury jsou t\u011bmi, kdo podporuj\u00ed ISS, rozv\u00edjej\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd v\u00fdzkum zdravotn\u00edch dopad\u016f kosmick\u00e9ho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed a \u017eivota v mikrogravitaci a udr\u017euj\u00ed kritickou infrastrukturu na zemi. B\u011bhem let po raketopl\u00e1nu a p\u0159ed startem Dragonu vyvinula NASA nov\u00fd modul pro pos\u00e1dku a des\u00edtky pr\u016fkopnick\u00fdch kosmick\u00fdch lod\u00ed bez pos\u00e1dky, v\u010detn\u011b t\u011bch, kter\u00e9 se vyd\u00e1vaj\u00ed do hlubok\u00e9ho vesm\u00edru, nap\u0159\u00edklad ke Slunci, Marsu, asteroid\u016fm, Jupiteru a Plutu. Navzdory Muskov\u00fdm tvrzen\u00edm je NASA st\u00e1le l\u00eddrem v oblasti v\u00fdzkumu vesm\u00edru.\n<\/p>\n
N\u00e1vrat do vesm\u00edru se o ostatn\u00edch vesm\u00edrn\u00fdch spole\u010dnostech zmi\u0148uje jen okrajov\u011b, ale tato volba d\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed smysl, vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b m\u016f\u017ee astronauty na ob\u011b\u017enou dr\u00e1hu dopravovat hlavn\u011b jen SpaceX. (Lety Blue Origin a Virgin Galactic byly suborbit\u00e1ln\u00ed.) Konkurenti SpaceX Blue Origin a United Launch Alliance v\u0161ak maj\u00ed ve v\u00fdvoji vlastn\u00ed t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 nosn\u00e9 rakety a Northrop Grumman a Sierra Nevada Corp. maj\u00ed stejn\u011b jako SpaceX smlouvy s NASA na dod\u00e1vky z\u00e1sob na ISS.\n<\/p>\n
Filmu by tak\u00e9 prosp\u011bla diskuse o nacionalismu, kter\u00fd je spojen s chv\u00e1lou n\u00e1vratu start\u016f na \" p\u016fdu USA. \"V\u00fdzkum vesm\u00edru bude v\u017edy obsahovat prvek sout\u011b\u017eivosti a soupe\u0159en\u00ed o vedouc\u00ed postaven\u00ed. Ale nakonec by to m\u011bl b\u00fdt podnik zalo\u017een\u00fd na spolupr\u00e1ci, v jeho\u017e st\u0159edu stoj\u00ed lidstvo. Koneckonc\u016f kanad\u0161t\u00ed, evrop\u0161t\u00ed a japon\u0161t\u00ed astronauti nemaj\u00ed probl\u00e9m startovat z USA. Nen\u00ed nic \u0161patn\u00e9ho na tom, kdy\u017e jedna zem\u011b pom\u00e1h\u00e1 druh\u00e9 dostat se na ob\u011b\u017enou dr\u00e1hu a z n\u00ed. (Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee se to zm\u011bnilo b\u011bhem rusk\u00e9ho konfliktu na Ukrajin\u011b, ale tento duch by se mohl vr\u00e1tit.)\n<\/p>\n
V polovin\u011b filmu N\u00e1vrat do vesm\u00edru se b\u011bhem prvn\u00edho \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9ho p\u0159ist\u00e1n\u00ed rakety Falcon 9 spole\u010dnosti SpaceX rozezn\u00ed hudba Johanna Strausse, kter\u00e1 p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 film 2001: Vesm\u00edrn\u00e1 odysea. \"Kdy\u017e ta v\u011bc kone\u010dn\u011b p\u0159ist\u00e1la a provedla dokonal\u00e9 p\u0159ist\u00e1n\u00ed, p\u0159esn\u011b na c\u00edl, je to jeden z t\u011bch okam\u017eik\u016f, kter\u00e9 si ponesete po zbytek \u017eivota,\" \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 na kameru Lars Blackmore, vedouc\u00ed in\u017een\u00fdr spole\u010dnosti SpaceX. Pot\u00e9 je ve filmu vyst\u0159i\u017een z\u00e1b\u011br na b\u00fdvalou z\u00e1stupkyni administr\u00e1tora NASA Lori Garverovou, kter\u00e1 jasn\u011b \u0159\u00edk\u00e1: \" Elon a SpaceX \u00fapln\u011b zm\u011bnili n\u00e1\u0161 pr\u016fmysl, proto\u017ee v\u0161echno je opakovan\u011b pou\u017eiteln\u00e9. Nyn\u00ed mohou startovat za desetinu n\u00e1klad\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsme m\u011bli my. \"To je mo\u017en\u00e1 pravda, ale NASA st\u00e1le plat\u00ed \u00fa\u010det.\n<\/p>\n
Aktualizov\u00e1no 4<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Dne 1. \u00fanora 2003 se raketopl\u00e1n Columbia vydal na sv\u016fj 28. let. Nikdy se nevr\u00e1til. B\u011bhem startu vypadl z vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017ee raketopl\u00e1nu velk\u00fd kus p\u011bnov\u00e9 izolace, kter\u00fd zas\u00e1hl jeho lev\u00e9 k\u0159\u00eddlo, a kdy\u017e se pos\u00e1dka po ukon\u010den\u00ed mise vr\u00e1tila do zemsk\u00e9 atmosf\u00e9ry, do\u0161lo k rozpadu cel\u00e9ho raketopl\u00e1nu. V\u0161ech sedm astronaut\u016f NASA na palub\u011b zahynulo. Po […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":34154,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-34150","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-rocket-recycling"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/movieworld.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34150","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/movieworld.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/movieworld.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/movieworld.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/movieworld.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=34150"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/movieworld.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34150\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/movieworld.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/34154"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/movieworld.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=34150"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/movieworld.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=34150"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/movieworld.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=34150"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}